Single-board computers were once considered “dyna-micro” based on the Intel C8080A processor and Intel’s first EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) chip. This radical chip was designed to retain its data when the power was switched off. Rebranded by E&L Instruments in 1976, the EPROM became known as the BugBook 8080 micro-computer.
Unlike the general purpose, personal computer, embedded SBC systems were explicitly designed to perform a dedicated function repeatedly, with real-time computing constraints. Embedded single-board computers are part of a larger device that includes hardware and mechanical parts. The personal computer was designed to be multi-functional. Today, the closest thing we have to an embedded system falls under the handheld computer category, that is, a personal information manager or PIM. Even these computers can’t be considered truly embedded as they allow for multifunctional capabilities, just like personal computers.
When personal computers came into their own, there was a trend of moving away from single-board processors. Computers are now run from a motherboard with add-ons to compound versatility. These plug-in boards included serial ports, disk drive and graphics controllers, parallel ports, IDE and SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment), a computer bus connecting large disk optical drives, RAID incorporation for backup, and, finally, the ability to hot swap devices like DVD drives.
While embedded single-board processing is no longer used in the personal computing arena, there are still several uses for embedded SBCs in the communications, energy, point of information/sale, defense and aerospace, industrial automation, medical and transportation industries. There is a significant portfolio of products and services that have advanced and now utilize this technology offering solutions that are both off-the-shelf and custom engineered embedded computer modules, boards and blades to modular computer systems that meet today’s needs and are adaptable for future needs.
Embedded SBC systems have quite a few advantages including instant availability and almost zero time-to-market. Because their interfaces and functionalities are onboard, they have become typical accessories that comprise a fast system set-up. Changing out SBC systems is minimally risky and low-cost as the chassis, accessories, and attachement points seldom change. For many models there is a choice of fanless, low-power, cacheless operation systems that enjoy a low profile and low power consumption.
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