So-called “hard water” is called that because it has an excess of minerals in it that cause the water to leave mineral deposits. These minerals, such as magnesium or calcium don’t allow the water to soap up properly when you wash, stay in your clothing and make them rougher, and may make the water taste and smell badly. Removing these minerals will make the water “soft”.
Probably only about 15% of the homes in U.S. have soft water, according to the United States Geological Survey. These minerals are not harmful to health, and traces of them may even be beneficial. Just as warm air in your home is not harmful, you still want an air cooler.
However, many people do not like the effects of hard water. Besides the annoying features like not being able to suds up your head when you shampoo, hard water also can damage water pipes, faucets and the pots and pans that water is heated in. The minerals in the water can also leave marks and stains on the sink and counter tops that are not very attractive. This ultimately means that most people would prefer to have water in their homes that is treated in order to render it “soft”.
In order to do this, homeowners can install a hard water filter, also known as a water softener that will treat the water as it passes through it. This process takes place by ion exchange, a process in which the sodium chloride molecules are exchanged for the molecules of the minerals that are the cause of hard water. These minerals (mostly magnesium, iron and calcium) are removed when the water is passed through a tank where the ion exchange takes place. Withe these minerals gone, the water is now soft water. The water softener has a resin bed enclosed in a tank containing brine, which is the sodium chloride, or salt. For this reason, the higher level of sodium may not be best for those on a sodium restricted diet.
There are some other filters that work differently, since the water passes through a magnetic field instead of through a brine solution. This magnetic field removes the minerals that can cause damage to your pipe, faucet and cookware. The calcium, which is good for your bones, stays in the water.
There is still some skepticism about the effectiveness of this system: do your own research to find out whether you want to believe the claims.
Hard water filters only eliminate minerals from the water; they do not remove any chemicals or bacteria that may be in your water supply. If you are concerned about the health issues of these contaminants, you will have to install a water filtration system, not a water softening system in your home, or both. Water filtration systems will also soften the water, but not to the extent that a water filter system will.
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